Which process describes the formation of cross-links between macromolecules or within a molecule due to radiation exposure?

Which process describes the formation of cross-links between macromolecules or within a molecule due to radiation exposure?

• A. Cross-linking
• B. Polymerization
• C. Degradation
• D. Ionization

Answer: (A)

Cross-linking occurs when radiation-generated free radicals on polymer chains recombine to form covalent bonds that connect chains or create bridges within a single molecule. This bonding creates a network that makes the material more rigid and less soluble. The other terms describe different processes: degradation is the breaking of bonds and shortening of chains, polymerization is the growth of chains from monomers, and ionization refers to the removal of electrons, which can start reactions but does not itself define the bond-formation between macromolecules.

Cross-linking occurs when radiation-generated free radicals on polymer chains recombine to form covalent bonds that connect chains or create bridges within a single molecule. This bonding creates a network that makes the material more rigid and less soluble. The other terms describe different processes: degradation is the breaking of bonds and shortening of chains, polymerization is the growth of chains from monomers, and ionization refers to the removal of electrons, which can start reactions but does not itself define the bond-formation between macromolecules.